Contributions of Rome

â€Å"All roads lead to Rome. † This quote holds much truth as what Rome has left to Western Civilization is brought to light. The Roman made countless contributions to Western Civilization, but a few are the most significant of all. Rome, the most important civilization to the Western World, left a great legacy, paving the road for the spread of Christianity, forming the basis for republic, and allowing for a widespread diffusion of culture. Though not Rome's intention, it allowed Christianity to spread and flourish throughout Western Civilization.Rome, unified under one government, made possible the passing of information very quickly, thus greatly assisting the spread of Christianity. Even in the wake of persecution from such rulers as Diocletian and Maximian, Christianity continued to grow in strength. People were converted daily to this attracting faith. Men like St. Paul, who before becoming a Christian was a heavy persecutor of them, fervently preached the growing faith , adding more to their numbers.In addition, the cold religion of the Romans made Christianity extremely appealing, as Christianity offered a personal relationship with a deity who offered an everlasting life of beatitude after death. With the weakening government of Rome, the Christian church began to seize the power that the state lost, allowing more and more converts to be won over to the faith. Also, with the rise of the ruler, Constantine, who made Christianity legal, Christianity took the upper hand as Christian laws were passed and enforced.During Rome's reign, the spread of Christianity flourished, making way for Christianity to evolve from a small following of people to an accepted faith of multitudes. This incredible, though unintentional, contribution forever changed the course of history. The Roman Republic left a form of government similar to the democracy of Greece but with the ability to govern large bodies of people. Rome used a representation method, where senators r epresented groups of people, allowing for a democracy encompassing a very large population.Developed after the expulsion of the last Etruscan king, Tarqin the proud, this government was meant to prevent the development of a hereditary monarchy and did so until the rise of Augustus. It contained checks and balances to ensure that power was not too highly concentrated, much as the government in the United States of America is today. Unfortunately, the Roman Republic did not last throughout all of Rome's glory due to civil unrest, but it did leave an incredible form of government for the rest of humanity to mimic.This form of government would later prove vital to the structure of the government of the United States of America and many other countries. The republic gave the peoples of a large population a say in political issues, leaving a priceless gift to the Western World. Rome's magnificent size and its unified nature allowed for the spreading of ideas throughout Western Civilizatio n. Because of this unification of Rome, information moved like it had never before.Rome was a melting pot of cultures and customs, bringing together countless ideas to a place where these ideas could quickly be passed around like never before in history. Ideas ran rampant through the Roman Empire, mixing cultures and societies. The military fronts of the Roman Empire formed new cities, furthering cultural diffusion by Romanizing much of the Roman front, therefore leaving a permanent Roman mark. Many barbarian peoples came under the great influence of Rome, which in turn, was passed from generation to generation.Rome left an indelible mark on the Western World through its grandeur and unification. Surely, Rome has had the greatest influence on Western Civilization of all previous civilizations, leaving priceless gifts that should not be forgotten. Rome left cultures, customs, government, politics, and religion, contributions that to this day have greatly influenced Western Civilizati on. As Rome expanded on the ideas of the past and bettered them, so should the people of this world expand and elaborate on Rome's genius.

Famous Canadian Killer Essay

Canadian Criminals are a major part of Canadian society. In our country if you were not the direct victim of a crime you tend to forget the members of society that take pleasure in causing societies grief. As in the case of James Hutchinson and Richard Ambrose, whose crimes were committed in December of 1974.1 They were convicted of killing two Moncton City Police officers. Today, years after the murders were committed Ambrose and Hutchinson are still the center of a major controversy that has plagued our parole system. In order to fully understand the controversy that Ambrose and Hutchinson posses you must look at the chronological order of events that lead up to the slaying. Richard Ambrose and James Hutchinson lived in the outskirts of Moncton, New Brunswick. Ambrose and Hutchinson committed two indictable offences under the Criminal Code of Canada (CCC). On Tuesday December 12, 1974 they violated section 279.1(c) of the Criminal Code with the kidnapping of Raymond Stein and by December 15, 1974 it was apparent that another crime had been committed. Ambrose and Hutchinson violated section 229(a)(i) of the Criminal Code, murder which would be defined under section 231(4)(a) of the Criminal Code; murder of a peace officer in the first degree.2 14-year-old Raymond Stein was the son of a Moncton restaurant owner and on the night of December 12, 1974 Raymond and his grandmother returned home from his father’s restaurant and found two men already in the house (Ambrose and Hutchinson). The duo tied the grandmother to a stair railing with tape and took the boy to an apartment somewhere on the western fringe of Moncton.3 Shortly before 1am on the 13th Mrs. Stein freed herself and telephoned the boys father and informed him of what had happened. Around 1am Mr. Stein received a phone call and a ransom demand was issued. Mr. Stein received two more calls at 2 and 3am. At 3am a ransom demand of $15 000 was agreed upon.4 Mr. Stein drove to a designated location somewhere close to the Riverview Mall around 3:15am. Mr. Stein drops the bag containing the $15 000 in a ditch about 100 yards in front of another car. The boy was released immediately and the car containing the two suspects  speeded off. At 3:50am Cpl. Bourgeois and Cst. O’Leary from the Moncton City Police were in the area of the drop-off in an unmarked police car and announced to dispatch that they would be going off air to investigate a suspicious car they had spotted.5 They were never heard from again. At 9am the unmarked police car was found in Salisbury locked and abandoned. There was no trace of the officers, their sidearms or a shotgun they were carrying. Around noon the RCMP turned over to Moncton City Police a man they had arrested after stopping a car that had matched the description of the car used for the ransom trade. In the car was a set of keys that fitted the unmarked police car and over $6000 believed to be part of the ransom money.6 By 2pm Moncton City Police arrested another man in the city and was questioning him in regards to the kidnapping case but later was released. At 6pm Moncton Police Chief C.M. (Moody) Weldon pleas on the radio for help by the public and offers $5000 in reward for information leading to the whereabouts of the 2 officers.7 At midnight Moncton Police announced they confirmed the presence of human blood on a glove that was seized from the abandoned car. 7:30am on the 14th over 300 searchers fan out over 125 square miles area in search for clues, between Riverview and Salisbury. At 11 am the Moncton City Police in conjunction with the RCMP held a press conference announcing that there would be two teams set up, each involving the Moncton Police and members of the RCMP, one team was responsible for the search of the officers and the other for investigating the crimes that Ambrose and Hutchinson committed. During the same conference policed reveled they have found what appears to be a bloodstained patch of snow in a field near Salisbury. At 5pm Cpl. Bourgeois’s torn drivers license was found by a covered bridge on Shediac River, approximately 15 miles east of Moncton. Due to the fact that sunset had past the police decided to cordon off the area and await daylight to continue the search.8 The next morning at 8am the search resumed with the aid of tracking dogs. Within an hour police found the missing revolvers, radio, pick and shovel in the water downstream. At 2:15pm the searchers found the graves on a hill near the covered bridge and at 1:30pm on December 15th, 1974 the police carried their fallen officers out of the woods wrapped in blankets.9 It was later determined that Ambrose and Hutchinson drove the two officers to the secluded wooded area and forced them to dig their own graves and then shot each of them in the back of the  head.10 Richard Ambrose 22 was already in custody at the time the bodies were recovered. Later on the December 15th a few minutes after 11pm James Hutchison 43 turned himself in to Sgt. Greg Cahoon of the RCMP. Hutchison stated that he turned himself in because he knew he was wanted by the police and he thought they would ‘shoot first and ask questions later’. Ambrose and Hutchinson were to have their first appearance in court on December 23rd. Both Ambrose and Hutchinson were found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging in 1976. When the Trudeau government repealed capital punishment later in 1976 Ambrose and Hutchinson’s sentence was dropped to life in prison.11 Hutchinson was serving time at Pittsburgh Institution outside of Kingston Ontario, a minimum-security prison, and escaped at the age of 73. Prison files show that Hutchinson has expressed deep hatred toward police and had thoughts of thrill killing. Hutchison had admitted to his life of crime that dates back to the 1940’s, which has stemmed from an insatiable hunger for excitement, and the thrill of outwitting authorities.12 The Ontario Provincial Police classified him as extremely dangerous and Staff Sgt. Rick Myers of the OPP Penitentiary Squad described him as â€Å"looking like anyone’s grandfather but capable of anything†. Prison officials also stated that Hutchison has been plotting his escape since he was jailed in 1974. In 1997, Hutchison persuaded the National Parole Board to grant him escorted temporary absences. His main argument was â€Å"the burnout theory† stating that in today’s workplace also applies to longtime criminals who lose their desire to keep breaking the law. Hutchison was denied parole because of numerous escape plots.13 Three years later the parole board reviewed several reports filed by a supportive case management officer, the board ruled his risk to the public was â€Å"manageable†. In 2000 Hutchinson was granted a leave to volunteer at a shelter for stray cats and dogs approximately 12 kilometers from Pittsburgh Institution. Hutchison finished cleaning the stalls around 2:30pm, laid down his broom and walked away as a free man. He was recaptured two days later. This however was not the first time Hutchison escaped custody. In 1966 Hutchison was serving a 10 year sentence for robbery and was being transferred from Kingston Penitentiary to Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick. It was at this point where Hutchison made his first escape.14 He was arrested the same day at a train station in Moncton. Hutchinson made parole 4 years later, in 1974, that is when he murdered the  two Moncton Police officers. Hutchison lived with the prison’s Small Group Living Program. This is where prison officials believe that Hutchison did most of the planning for his escape. Prison files show Hutchison as having obvious planning skills. Prison psychologist used to consider Hutchison antisocial and sick enough to carve self-inflicted wounds.15 In this program inmates lived peacefully and less supervised. Although many reports stated that Hutchison was not rehabilitated, Deputy Warden Ron Fairly described Hutchison as a â€Å"model inmate.†16 Ambrose however, had quite a different prison life he was 22 when he was first arrested for the murder of the two police officers. Throughout Ambrose’s incarceration he claimed innocence and refused to speak about the crime. As well, he has expressed remorse and pleaded for life beyond prison. In the late 1980’s Ambrose got married in a prison ceremony and became a father to a baby girl in 1992. Ambrose told parole board members he is a reformed man, and deserves a life outside of the public’s eye. Ambrose changed his surname to Bergeron and in the summer of 2000 won full parole. According to a psychologist report prepared for Ambrose’s parole hearing indicated that he still posses a moderate to high risk to re-offend in a general and violent manner.17 On December 10, 1999 The Canadian Justice Foundation released an article alerting the public that Ambrose was granted day parole after he had changed his name to Richard Bergeron. The Canadian Justice Foundation has called on the Solicitor General to launch an investigation in regards to the parole. Shawn Howard, the Managing Director of The Canadian Justice Foundation said: â€Å"If inmates are allowed to change their name and erase their criminal identity, it poses a risk to public safety† he goes on to say â€Å"its obvious that Ambrose is trying to disappear by cloaking himself with a new identity†.18 Previous attempts to locate Ambrose have been unsuccessful since his original name was removed from the parole-hearing list. A Moncton reporter recently alerted the public that Ambrose had legally changed his name to Richard Bergeron and may return to Edmonton where his wife and child currently reside. The parole system in Canada has let out more ‘Cop Killers’ then Richard Ambrose. 19The list is long and in each case the criminal was perceived as a good inmate. When you look at the crimes committed by Richard Ambrose and James Hutchison with the murder of a two police officers that carries a sentence of life in prison as well as the kidnapping case that  carries a sentence of imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of four years. However Richard Ambrose was granted parole 25 years after he showed no mercy to the two police officers that were only doing their job. In the Hutchison case a 73-year-old man who has made more then one attempt to break out of custody and who also stated squeezing the trigger, was a ‘reflex action’ was given the opportunity to work outside the prison, and was able to walk at a humane society for animals that he was allowed to work unsupervised. Many citizens are enraged that these two criminals were allowed to leave the prison system. They showed no respect for the law and killed two members of society who have sworn to uphold the law. Both persons were described as being a moderate to high risk to re-offending but are still allowed to go into the public unsupervised. James Hutchinson December 1974 Bibliography Final Tribute Paid To Slain Policemen. Mark Pedersen. Telegraph Journal. December 16th, 1974 Hunt to Resume Today For Missing Policemen. Don McLeod. Telegraph Journal. December 14th, 1974. May Have Been Forced To Dig Their Graves. Don McLean. Telegraph Journal. December 16th, 1974. Alan Cairns. Prisons a ‘disgrace’. The Toronto Sun. November 20, 2000 Dimmock,G. and A. Sands. Escaped murder kills for thrills: 73 year old fugitive. Retrieved from the World Wide Web September 9, 2002. http://www.dimmockreport.com/escapedmurderer.htm Howard, S. The Canadian Justice Foundation. June 10, 1999

A study on the link between abortion and crime Essay

Imagine being raised in a home where education wasn’t encouraged. Imagine being truant from elementary school because your parents regularly abused drugs and weren’t there to take you to school. Would you be where you are today? Where do you think you would be? Here’s another question that may seem unrelated. Why did crime drop drastically in the early 1990’s? According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, from its peak in 1991, violent crime fell roughly 34 percent by 2001. The rate of homicide – one of the most studied and arguably the most serious crime there is – fell massively. Over a slightly longer period, homicide rates per capita fell 44%, almost being halved. So we are left with the question, why? Such a massive decrease in crime affects all of us, even if it happened in the 1990’s. If a crime had continued to rise at the same rate, we’d live in a dramatically different world today. Understanding why this happened provides us with a crucial understanding of how the world works. Perhaps the answer lies in one of the biggest and oldest moral dilemmas of modern times.   A paper written by Steven Levitt of the University of Chicago and John Donohue of Yale University titled â€Å"The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime† in 2001 revived the idea that legalized abortion has an effect on reduced crime. The main argument behind it is that after the legalization of abortion took place in 1973, crime fell sharply 18 to 22 years later in the 1992-1995 period. Think about it. Males in the 18-24 age range are those most likely to commit crimes, and 18 to 24 years after abortion was legalized, crime fell drastically. See a connection? While this is a glaring indicator that there is a connection, it is not the only one. States that legalized abortion before Roe v. Wade experienced declines in crime before other states. On top of that, states that had higher abortion rates in the mid-1970’s had steeper declines in crime. These aren’t the only factors that contribute to the Donohue-Levitt hypothesis. Unwanted children, such as those that were born to people denied abortions, are more likely to suffer from neglect and abuse or to be abandoned. These children are more likely to eventually drop out of school, join gangs, and commit crimes or be incarcerated. Bringing a child into a family that is unable or unready to provide for it increases the child’s likelihood to exhibit delinquent behavior. The purpose of studying the link between abortion and crime isn’t to advocate abortion, or to hail it as a crime-fighting tool, but to instead understand trends in crime, and, ultimately, how the world works. In studying this, we can discover why people commit crimes, what affects crime rates, and the effects of abortion on society. The abortion debate is, and always should be, one of the moral values.

Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design Project - Essay Example To reflect on the activities carefully and encourage members do so as well (Moger, 2000). From completed project, it is notable that the project is very high and the way the straws are placed to hold the cup egg cannot fall though members of the group had few differences. One member brought the idea and after looking at the idea as a group, everybody welcomed the idea. Initially we had decided to use one uniform color for the straws but members suggested the use of different colors to make the holders look more appealing to the eye and to show some originality (Rickards, 2000). Reliability in employee testing and selection measures the consistency of performance at the same level success. Validity is the measuring how far a prediction of success in employment is made. That is validity to analyze the extent of in which predicted results are achieved and when the actual results are attained by the employees. In validating, it very key to analyze the kind of job that is employees are to be interviewed for. In analyzing the job, important areas are the predictors and the criterion. Predictors involve understanding the job specifications. The criterion requires understanding quantitative and qualitative measures for the job to be achievable at the end of the day. Secondly, choosing the type of test to use in the interview process that use either test battery or single test and the third step is administering the test that is through concurrent validation and predictive validation. In concurrent validation, I would compare the previous performance of the employees with the current performance and pose a question concerning their performance. In predictive validation, I would measure the performance with the prior scores. Then I would relate test scores and the criteria used. Finally, I would cross-validate, revalidate, and repeat the same

Economics of Global Money Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Economics of Global Money Markets - Essay Example owered the discount rates and extended term loans and in the following month by decreasing the set targets for the rates of federal reserve by 50 points. As economic indications weaknesses advanced over successive months, the rates of federal funds target was lowered by 325 points by the committee, leaving it at 2% by the end of 2008 (Oulette, 2014). During the summer, the rates were held constant by the committee as it watched financial and economic conditions. As the crisis grew worse at the fall of summer, finance committee responded through lowering rates of federal funds target by 100 points, with this coming unparalleled cut of interest rate by central banks. In December, evidenced by dramatic slowdown, the committee lowered its target at a range of 0-25 points. Up to date the range as remained with no interference. In spite of monetary policy easing, under performance in credit markets worsened off. Towards the end of 2008 and at the start of 2009, the Fed took astonishing mea sures to give support and liquidity to functioning of credit markets inclusive of establishment of various emergencies loaning facilities and extension or creation of currency exchange agreements with fourteen central banks globally. As a regulator of all banks, the Fed led the largest America bank holding firms’ stress test, creating stage for firms to increase their capital (working mother, pp.66).The actions with interventions from policy makers in America and globally assisted to stabilize financial world markets, which later checked on the weakening of real economy with deflationary pressure emergence.Though it is probable that worse results had been stopped, the destruction to the economy was already severe. The rate of unemployment in the U.S rose from 6% in 2008 to 9% by 2009 as inflation decreased sharply. With the increase of the crisis, and rate of federal funds on the lower bound, the committee resorted to non-traditional boundaries approaches to counter the crisis. When

Sustainability for the Future Global Supply Chain Essay

Sustainability for the Future Global Supply Chain - Essay Example iled in the activity participate actively in all facets of the business process as they strive to institute sustainable competitive advantage for their businesses or organizations. The founding of a new or existing venture requires the conceptualization of the supply chain management in the business process and the institution of the concepts entailed in the practice to facilitate successful and sustainable supply chain (Palevich, 2012, p 13). The company Coffee Warehouse is a new business established to provide high quality, full service distribution of specialty beverages and related supplies to coffee houses and espresso stands throughout London. The combined effort of the principle owners brings the management office of the business at high levels of customer engagement service and experience in managing distribution and sales. Thus, from this perspective, the business will benefit significantly in exploring the concepts entailed in facilitating sustainable global supply chain. The Coffee Warehouse business provides high quality and full service distribution of coffee in the region of its operations. The ownership, which constitutes of Steve and Jennifer Smith both combine their experience in the capacity of office management, customer service and distribution and sales management. The firm has commitments to facilitate distribution to independent retailers throughout the London market and its outskirts, as it initializes its financial arrangements and progress in the supply chains. The sales projections of the firm began at $2, 229,000 the first year and increased accordingly in the second year and third year of operation to $2, 936,000. The net profit projection extends to $406,000 at the last part of this third year of operation. Therefore, observing the progress of the firm in its existent operation structures, the development of a sustainable supply chain is key to the projection of the business accordingly to higher levels of success. The firm has

Corporate Standards in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Standards in India - Essay Example Alternatively, it has an aesthetic sense of restoring the damaged integrity of the nation of India. On that note, the paper has expounded on several practical mechanisms such as the search for universal standards, instill corporate standards and implementing convergence of standards in the Indian companies among others. For the last five years, several corporate scandals have rocked India hence leading to the damage of its integrity. From Barclays issuing false numbers in the financial market of London to bribes-for-loans scandal, India has been wading in corporate graft (Bilal 2008, p.56). On that note, there are several ways to improve the corporate standards to save the image of India. This is to avoid financial losses and loss of jobs and resources. Therefore, the first method of upholding the corporate standard is to search for universal standards. It is imperative to observe that the mechanisms of corporate governance fluctuate from country to country. On that aspect, it is fun damental to note that political, economical and social perspectives define corporate governance (Buthwar 2011, p.78). This means the corporate practice of Indian companies should echo its set national ethos and value systems. For instance, in the Barclays scandal, its leadership should step down and investigated to reveal the motive of their virtues. Additionally, the form of corporate governance should be inculcated among managers and customers in order to understand the limits of conducting business transactions. This has a positive implication of reducing cases of corporate graft as observed in the recent years in India. Another crucial matter involves assimilation corporate philosophy among various organizations to avoid scandals such Forex derivates scam and Andhra Pradesh land that saw the companies lose $5.79 billion and $18.1 billion respectively. Alternatively, it is critical for major shareholders in such organizations to call for higher stakes in the contribution of the c ompany. This suggests that despite the management of the company having a special status, shareholders should work in cooperation with the managers to avert cases of corporate scandals. Furthermore, it should be upon the corporate heads to increase globalization of encouraging competitive business that does not condone corruption. This is why the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was established to work as a benchmark for monitoring Indian corporations. Another better method to instill corporate standards is to implement convergence of standards in the Indian companies. This entails shaping their corporate according the global market orientation such as in the US and UK in order to limit cases of fraud. For example, the telecoms scandal that made India lose up to $ 462 billion could have been avoided if better convergence standards were in place. In other words, the companies that acquired illegal licenses without proper qualification could not have resul ted to such financial damage. Alternatively, the concerned corporations could have properly mitigated other scandals such as the Barclays and Mumbai Sales Tax fraud. Again, this method of standardization has the benefit of integrating financial markets and foreign investor requirements. This is known to encourage higher standards and practices of